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Phonology
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Sounds
) • Also referenced as: Sounds, Pronunciation
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File: 04 Language/Phonology.md (3080 bytes)
--- title: Phonology tags: - moravska/language aliases: - Sounds - Pronunciation updated: 2026-11-03 status: canon --- # Phonology Moravskan sounds hard and low. The coast softens the ends of words. The interior keeps them hard. The difference marks a speaker's home in one sentence. ## Vowels Six vowels are common. | Letter | Sound | Example | English | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | а | /a/ | *bara* | marsh | | е | /ɛ/ | *more* | sea | | и | /i/ | *liman* | lagoon | | о | /ɔ/ | *more* | sea | | у | /u/ | *kula* | tower | | ъ | /ə/ | *zălăv* | bay | A seventh vowel survives in 14 words. The letter is Ꙟ and the sound is a nasal /ɔ̃/. See [[Script and Typography]]. > [!example] The nasal words > *pǫt* (path), *mǫka* (flour), *rǫka* (hand), *gǫba* (mushroom). A coastal speaker keeps the nasal. An inland speaker says *păt*, *măka*, *răka*. ## Consonants The language has 26 consonants. Six of them do not exist in standard Russian. | Sound | Letter | Example | | --- | --- | --- | | /d͡z/ | Ꙃ | *Ꙃid* (wall) | | /t͡s/ | ц | *tsena* (price) | | /d͡ʒ/ | дж | *dzhob* (pocket) | | /ʒ/ | ж | *zhalba* (complaint) | | /ɲ/ | нь | *nyama* (there is not) | | /ʎ/ | ль | *lyato* (summer) | ## Clusters Moravskan keeps heavy consonant groups. The groups come from the Slavic base and from the sea trade. | Cluster | Example | English | | --- | --- | --- | | str- | *strana* | side | | br- | *breg* | shore | | skr- | *skrezh* | frost | | vzk- | *vzkăsno* | late | | mgl- | *mgla* | fog | | shr- | *shram* | shame | A speaker can say 4 consonants before a vowel. A Russian speaker says 3 with difficulty. A Greek speaker drops the first. ## Coastal softening The coast palatalises a final consonant before a front vowel. The interior does not. | Word | Coast | Interior | | --- | --- | --- | | bread | *hlyab* → *hlyapy* | *hlyab* | | salt | *sol* → *soly* | *sol* | | pier | *skal* → *skaly* | *skal* | The softness comes from 300 years of Greek and Italian contact. A port speaker hears it as polite. An inland speaker hears it as weak. ## Stress Stress is free and it changes meaning. The stress falls on the stem in most words and on the article in a few. | Word | Stress | Meaning | | --- | --- | --- | | *more* | MO-re | the sea | | *moreto* | mo-RE-to | the sea (definite) | | *voda* | vo-DA | water | | *vodata* | vo-DA-ta | the water | A wrong stress marks a foreigner. A child who moves the stress is corrected at the table. ## Rhythm and the sea Two habits come from work at sea. 1. **The shout form.** A stressed word is clipped and the final vowel is long. *Bora-a!* means "the Bora is here". 2. **The count.** Sailors count in a short series: *edin, dva, tri, chet*. The long form *chetiri* belongs to land. ## What the sound means A Moravskan hears four things in a voice. - Region: soft or hard word ends. - Class: the official register rounds the vowels. - Age: a person under 30 drops the nasal. - Trade: a sailor clips the words, a farmer holds them. ## Other notes - [[Grammar]] - [[Moravskan Language]] - [[Proverbs and Idioms]]
